Home Canning: The Basics
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Collapse ▲Home canning is a great way to save fresh foods to eat year-round. The history of canning dates back to as early as 1809 when Nicolas Appert developed a method of preserving food in airtight glass jars. Over the years canning has evolved which is why it’s very important to follow scientifically tested recipes to ensure safe home processing. The National Center for Home Food Preservation is one of the best sources for current research-based information.
Whether you are new to canning or experienced it’s always helpful to brush up on the instructions each year. Click here for general canning information (safety, choosing jars and lids, troubleshooting, etc.).
Methods of Canning
Pressure Canning
Pressure canning is mainly used for low acid foods and some high acid foods. Pressure canning low acid food is essential in order to kill C. Botulinum (botulism) spores. Pressure canners heat to at least 240 degrees F to destroy pathogens and prevent spoilage.
See Pressure Canning publication from the National Center for Home Food Preservation
Examples of Low Acid Foods (pH above 4.6)
Most vegetables
- Asparagus
- Beets
- Carrots
- Green and dried beans
- Okra
- Peas
- Peppers
- Potatoes
- Pumpkin
- Sweet corn
Meats
- Beef and Poultry
- Mincemeat pie filling
- Seafood
- Wild game
Combination Foods
- Meat sauces
- Soups and stews
Water Bath Canning
For safety this method should be used for high acid foods only, the acid in the food kills botulism spores. Water must be heated to boiling (212 degrees F) in order to destroy pathogens and prevent spoilage.
See Water Bath Canning publication from the National Center for Home Food Preservation
Examples of High-Acid Foods (pH equal to or below 4.6)
Most fruits
- Apples and apple sauce
- Apricots
- Berries
- Cherries
- Grapes
- Jams and jellies (fruit only)
- Peppers
- Peaches and nectarines
- Pears
- Pie fillings (fruit only)
- Plums
Acidified and fermented foods
- Chutney
- Pickled vegetables
- Pickles (cucumbers)
- Relishes
- Salsa
- Sauerkraut
- Tomatoes (acidified)
A word of caution…
There can be a lot of misinformation regarding canning practices, and outdated methods that could lead to food spoilage and allow the growth of clostridium botulinum (an illness that can result in death). The following canning methods are not recommended by Cooperative Extension research.
- Pressure cookers
- Electric saucepans
- Open kettle method (putting hot food into jars and letting them self seal).
- Microwaves
- Dishwashers
- Instant pot
- Oven canning
For more home food preservation information contact your local Cooperative Extension Center.